Home » Blog » TORCH Test in Pregnancy & Infertility: Meaning, Process, and Benefits

TORCH Test in Pregnancy & Infertility: Meaning, Process, and Benefits

Dr. Pujil Gulati, IVF Specialist with over 13 years of experience in Assisted Reproductive Techniques BabyBloom IVF Gurgaon

January 30, 2025

The TORCH test is an essential blood test during pregnancy and infertility evaluations. It helps detect infections that may cause complications in fetal development or affect fertility. This article explains the meaning, process, and benefits of the TORCH test.

What is the TORCH Test? (Meaning & Full Form)

The TORCH test is a blood test that screens for infections that can be passed from a mother to her baby during pregnancy. The full form of TORCH includes:

T – Toxoplasmosis
O – Other infections (like Syphilis, Varicella-Zoster, Parvovirus B19)
R – Rubella (German measles)
C – Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
H – Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 & HSV-2)

These infections can lead to miscarriage, birth defects, or infertility issues if left undiagnosed and untreated.

Why is the TORCH Test Done? (Importance & Benefits)

The TORCH test is recommended for:

1. Pregnant Women

To check for infections that may harm the fetus.
To prevent congenital disabilities, premature birth, or stillbirth.

2. Women Facing Infertility

Some infections can cause repeated miscarriages or difficulty in conception.
Early diagnosis helps in treating infections before planning a pregnancy.

3. Newborn Babies

If a baby shows symptoms of congenital infections (jaundice, low birth weight, seizures), the test helps identify the cause.

TORCH Test Process: How is it Done?

The TORCH test is a simple blood test that involves the following steps:

1. Blood Sample Collection

A healthcare provider draws a small amount of blood from a vein in the arm.
The procedure takes a few minutes and is usually painless except for a mild prick.

2. Laboratory Analysis

The sample is tested for IgM and IgG antibodies:
IgM antibodies: Show a recent or active infection.
IgG antibodies: Indicate a past infection or immunity.

3. Results Interpretation

Positive IgM → Active infection, requiring immediate treatment.
Positive IgG → Past infection, usually indicating immunity. Read More: (Pregnancy ke lakshan aur Badlav)
Negative IgM & IgG → No exposure, but risk exists if infected during pregnancy.

What Happens if the TORCH Test is Positive?

If the TORCH test shows an active infection, the doctor may recommend:

Medications: Antibiotics or antiviral drugs to treat the infection.
Additional Tests: Amniocentesis or ultrasound to check the baby’s health.
Special Care: More frequent monitoring and follow-up scans.

Effects of TORCH Infections on Pregnancy & Fertility

1. Toxoplasmosis

Caused by a parasite from contaminated food, soil, or cat feces.
Can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or brain damage in babies.

2. Other Infections (Syphilis, Varicella, Parvovirus B19)

Syphilis: Causes birth defects and developmental delays.
Varicella-Zoster (Chickenpox): Increases risk of congenital varicella syndrome.
Parvovirus B19: May lead to anemia in the fetus.

3. Rubella (German Measles)

Can cause hearing loss, heart defects, or brain damage in newborns.
Vaccination before pregnancy prevents infection.

4. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Spreads through bodily fluids.
Can result in low birth weight, seizures, and developmental problems.

5. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Spread through sexual contact or direct skin contact.
Can lead to premature birth, stillbirth, or neonatal herpes if passed to the baby during delivery.

How to Prevent TORCH Infections? (Prevention Tips)

Get Vaccinated: Rubella and varicella vaccines before pregnancy.
Practice Good Hygiene: Wash hands frequently, avoid unpasteurized dairy and raw meat.
Safe Sex Practices: Use protection to prevent herpes and syphilis infections.
Routine Screening: Early detection helps in better pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion: Why is the TORCH Test Important?

The TORCH test is a crucial screening tool for pregnant women and those struggling with infertility. It helps detect infections early, allowing timely treatment to prevent miscarriages, congenital disabilities, and infertility issues. If you’re planning to conceive, consult your doctor about TORCH screening to ensure a safe pregnancy and a healthy baby

If you are facing any infertility-related concerns, visit Babybloom IVF Centre, Gurgaon, for expert consultation and advanced fertility treatments. You can also contact us at 9266045700 to schedule a consultation with our specialists. Let us help you on your journey to parenthood with the best medical care and personalized support.